16 Tenses

UNIVERSITY OF ISLAM AL-IHSAN MADURA

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

( Y U N I A M   M A D U R A)

Jaddung Pragaan Sumenep Madura East Java Hp. 081-793-483-67

BENTUK 16 TENSE

By : Ach. Munawir

A. Tenses

Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang perubahannya tergantung pada sifat dan waktu kejadian.

Berdasarkan sifat kejadian tenses dibagi menjadi empat bagian:

1. Simple                      : sederhana

2. Continous                 : sedang berlangsung

3. Perfect                     : telah selesai (sempurna)

4. Perfect continous      : telah sedang berlangsung

Berdasarkan waktu kejadian tenses dibagi menjadi empat bagian:

1. Present                     : sekarang

2. Past                          : lampau

3. Future                      : akan (di masa yang akan datang)

4. Past future                : telah akan (akan di masa lampau)

Ketika dua factor diatas sifat dan wktu kejadian digabungkan maka akan membentuk 16 tenses. Perhatikan tabel dibawah ini

Sifat Waktu	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect continuous
Present	S.P	S.C	S.P	S.Pc
Past	S.Pt	S. Pt.C	S.P.C	S.Pt.Pc.
Future	S.F	S.F.C	S.F.P	S.F.Pc.
Past future	S.Pt.Fc	S.Pt.Fc.C	S.Pt.P.	S.Pt.F.Pc

Simple Present

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + VI + s/es + O	(+) S + is/am/.are + non verb
(-) S + do/does + Not VI + O	(-) S + is/am/are + Not + Non verb
(?) do/does + S + VI + O ?	(?)is/am/are +  S + Non verb

Simple Present Timeline

e.g        : I study English

            : She doesn’t  carry my book

            : Do yo take my book on the table

            : I am a Student university of islam Al- Ihsan Madura

            : She is not in Hiudayatul Ulum

Presene comtinouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + to be + VI ing + O	(+) S + is/am/.are + Being  + non verb
(-) S + to be + not + VI ing + O	(-) S + is/am/are + Not + being + Non verb
(?) to be + S + VI ing + O	(?) is/am/are +  S +  being + Non verb

Simple Present continuous Timeline

e.g        : they are learning English now

            : she is eating rice

            : are they studying English now ?

            : she is being at school

            : is she being at your house ?            

Prefect tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + have/has + VIII + O	(+) S + have/has + been +  non verb
(-) S + have/has + not + VIII + O	(-) S +have/has + Not + been + Non verb
(?) have/has + S + VIII+ O	(?) have/has +  S +  been + Non verb ?

e.g        : I have studied English

            : She hasn’t eaten rice

            : has she received a letter ?

            : they have been at cottage

            : they have’nt been at cottage

Perfect continouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + have/has + been +VI ing + O	(+) S+have/has + been + Being  + non verb
(-) S+have/has+not+been+VI ing+O	(-)S+have/has+not+been+Being +non verb
(?) have/has+ S +been + VI ing + O	(?) have/has+ S +been + Being  + non verb

Simple Present perfect Continuous Timeline

e.g        : She has been waiting for you

            : She has not been studying  English

            : Has she been waiting for me ?

            : He has been being  a lecture

            : Has he been being lecture ?

Simple past tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + VII + O	(+) S + was/were  +  non verb
(-) S + did + not + VI + O	(-) S + was/were  + Not + Non verb
(?) did  + S + VI+ O ?	(?) was/were +  S + Non verb ?

Simple Past tense Timeline

e.g        : I met him yesterday

            : She was sick two days ago

            : I used to smoke last year

            : He often sent me a letter last week              

Past continouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + was/were +  VI ing + O	(+) S + was/were  +  being + non verb
(-)S + was/were+not+VI ing + O	(-) S + was/were  + Not + being +Non verb
(?) was/were + S + VI ing + O	(?) was/were + S + being + Non verb ?

e.g        : Munawir  was waiting his friend at 8 o’clock yesterday

            : Munawir and syaiful were not teaching macth two days ago

            : Was she climbing a mountain ?

            : she was being at school

Pas perfect tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + had +  VIII + O	(+) S + had + been +  non verb
(-) S + had +not+VIII + O	(-)S + had + not + been +  non verb
(?) Had + S + VIII+ O	(?) had + S + been + Non verb ?

e.g        : He had visited me at seven o’clock yesterday

            : He had not taken a bath at seven o’clock two days ago

            : Had they studied English yesterday ?

            : I had been in here

           

Past perfect continouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + had + been + VI ing + O	(+) S + had + been + being + non verb
(-) S+had+not+been + VI ing+ O	(-) S + had + not + been +being + non verb
(?) had + S + been + VI ing + O	(?) had + S + been + being + Non verb ?

e.g        : She had been living here

            : She had not been living here

            : had she been living here ?

            : I had been being in Surabaya

Simple future tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + will/shall + VI + O	(+) S + will/shall + be + non verb
(-) S + will/shall + not + VI + O	(-) S + will/shall + not + be + non verb
(?) will/shall + S + VI + O	(?) will/shall + S + be + non verb

e.g        : I will kiss you tomorrow morning

            : I will not kill you tomorrow

            : Will you take my book ?

            : She will be stupid

Future continouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + will + be + VI ing + O	(+) S + will + be + being +  non verb
(-) S +  will + not +  be + VI ing+O	(-) S + will + not + be + being +  non verb
(?) will + S + be + VI ing + O	(?) will + S + be + being +  non verb

e.g        : I will be studying English at the same time tomorrow

            : I will not be studying English at the same time tomorrow

            : will I be studying English at the same time tomorrow ?

            : Ach. Munawir will be being in office

Future perfect tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + will + have +  VIII+ O	(+) S + will + have + been +  non verb
(-) S +  will + not +  have + VIII+ O	(-) S+will + not + have + been +  non verb
(?) will + S + have +  VIII+ O	(?) will + S +  have + been +  non verb

e.g        : Ach. Munawir will have graduated from YUNIAM  by next july

            : Syaiful will not have studied English in DEC by next  August

            : Will we have graduated from REC-BHA by next July

            : Maimunah will have been in Jakarta at five o’clock next week

            : Kamiliya Fitriani will not have been in Jakarta at five o’clock next week

Future perfect continouos tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S+will+have+been+ VI ing +O	(+) S + will + have + been + being +  non verb
(-) S+will+not +have+been+VI ing +O	(-) S + will + not +have+been+being+ non verb
(?) will +S+have+been+ VI ing +O	(?) will + S + have + been + being +  non verb

e.g        : Firmansyah will have been sleeping for an hour by 3 o’clock

            : I will not have been studying by this time next July

            : will I have been living here ?

            : I will have been being in school

Simple past future tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + would/should  +  VI + O	(+) S + would/should  + be +  non verb
(-) S + would/should + not+ VI +O	(-) S + would/should +not+ be +  non verb
(?) would/should + S +  VI + O	(?) would/should  + S + be +  non verb

e.g        : Ibrahim would  learn english

            : Farida would not learn English

            : Would they learn English ?

            : Munawir would be at school

            : Kamiliya Fitriyani would be beautiful

            : Would Firmansyah be at school ?

Past Future  Continuous Tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + should  + be + VI ing  + O	(+) S + would + be + being +  non verb
(-) S+should + not +be+VI ing + O	(-) S +would + not + be+ being + non verb
(?) should  + S + be + VI ing  + O	(?) would + S + be + being +  non verb

e.g        : I would be studying English at seven o’clock yesterday

            : I would not be studying English at seven o’clock yesterday

            : would she be watching TV ?

            : She would be being smart

            : He would not be being smart

            : would she be being smart ?

Past Future Perfect Tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + would + have  + VIII  + O	(+) S + would + have  +  been + non verb
(-) S + would + not + have + VIII + O	(-) S +would+not+ have  + been + non verb
(?) would + S +  have  + VIII  + O	(?) would + S + have  + been +  non verb

e.g        : Mr. Munawir would have taken goverment examination

            : Zainur would not have eaten rice

            : would they have taken government examination ?

            : She would have been in front of  hause.

            : He would not have been in front of school

            : would She have been in front of shop ?

Past Future Perfect C ontinuous Tense

VERBAL	NOMINAL
(+) S + would + have + been + VI ing + O	(+) S + would+ have + been + being + non verb
(-)  S + would + not + have+ been + VIing + O	(-) S + would + not + have + been + being + non verb
(?) would+ S+ have + been+ VI ing + O	(?) would + S + have  + been + being +  non verb

e.g        : I would have been studying English

            : I would not have been studying English

            : Would I have been studying English ?

            : I would have been being sick